CBSE Class 11 Chemistry - Organic Chemistry Basics

Introduction to Organic Chemistry for Class 11:

1. TETRAVALENCY OF CARBON

   • Electronic configuration of carbon
   • Covalent bonding in carbon compounds
   • Shapes of organic compounds

2. STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIONS

   • Complete, condensed and bond-line structural formulas
   • Three-dimensional representation

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

   • Acyclic and cyclic compounds
   • Saturated and unsaturated compounds
   • Aromatic and aliphatic compounds
   • Homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds

4. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

   • Common functional groups
   • Multifunctional compounds

5. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

   • Definition and characteristics
   • Examples of homologous series

6. NOMENCLATURE

   • IUPAC nomenclature
   • Common names vs IUPAC names

7. ISOMERISM

   • Structural isomerism
   • Stereoisomerism
   • Chain, position, functional isomers

8. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

   • Inductive effect
   • Resonance
   • Hyperconjugation
   • Electromeric effect

9. METHODS OF PURIFICATION

   • Sublimation
   • Crystallization
   • Distillation
   • Differential extraction

10. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

    • Detection of carbon and hydrogen
    • Detection of other elements
    • Tests for functional groups

Important Concepts:

• Carbon always forms 4 bonds
• Hybridization: sp³, sp², sp
• Resonance structures
• Inductive effect: +I and -I groups
• Functional group priority order

Practice Problems:

• IUPAC naming exercises
• Isomer identification
• Functional group recognition
• Qualitative analysis problems